A palletizer is an automated unit load forming machine used to stack and orient several individual products into a single load for a more convenient and economical method of handling, storage, and shipment.
Unit load refers to the assembly of materials combined for efficient handling. It is faster and more economical to move a large, single unit instead of several small individual items.
There are two main types of palletizers: conventional and robotic. Conventional palletizers use turning devices, stoppers, gates, and stripper aprons to do pattern forming. Pattern forming for robotic palletizers are done by two-link robotic arms or moving beams and telescopic masts.
Conventional palletizers are further divided into floor-level and high-level palletizers in which their difference is the infeed entry height, and which remains static (layer or pallet) during operation.
Robotic palletizers can be Cartesian, gantry, SCARA, or articulated. These types differ in the type of robot used and the degree of freedom of the robotic arm.
Both conventional and robotic palletizers have their advantages. Conventional palletizers are used for faster throughput, while robotic palletizers are used for their simplicity and flexibility. Hybrid palletizers are another type that can utilize both of their advantages.